Kinship (Relative & Non-Relative) Care

Kinship care is when a relative or other adult (fictive kin) who has a bond with the child agrees to provide full-time care, nurturing, and protection for the child who has been separated from their parents due to neglect, abuse, death, or another traumatic situation where the Child Welfare Agency is involved. Kinship care is very important in supporting children to remain in a loving family environment.

Kinship Care arrangements fall into three categories:

1. Formal care, where a Child Welfare Agency has legal custody, and a child lives with relatives or fictive kin in a foster care arrangement.
2. Voluntary or informal care, where the Child Welfare Agency is involved, but does not have formal legal custody of the child.
3. Private care, placements made by a relative without Child Welfare involvement. These placements represent the largest number of kinship care arrangements.

What Services do Kinship Caregivers Need?

• A safe place to come together
• Vouchers for diapers
• Legal services
• Place for seniors and children to live (lots of senior housing does not allow children)
• More awareness of kinship “problem”
• Computers for caregivers to utilize with children
• More education
• More voice in the system: not just called on when system determines a problem.

Other Names for Kinship Care:

• Grandfamilies
• Second-time Parents
• Relatives as parents
• Kin care
• Kin Foster Care

National Key Facts and Statistics

• There are over 407,000 children and youth in foster care, and 34 percent were placed with relatives or kin.
• The term kin encompasses both relatives (those related by blood or marriage) and fictive kin (those who are unrelated but have such a close emotional relationship that they are considered like family to children and youth).
• When children cannot remain safely in their home, placement with relatives and kin —both formally through the child welfare system and informally through family arrangements—can increase stability, reduce trauma, and help children maintain a sense of family, belonging, and identity.
• Investing in culturally appropriate services and supports for relative and kin caregivers may help reinforce a child’s cultural identity and traditions.
• The inclusion of kin and extended family members in case planning expands placement and permanency options for children and youth when in-home care is not feasible.
• Millions of children and youth live with relatives outside of the formal child welfare system. Kinship navigator programs can provide critical supports for relative caregivers, including connections to resources and benefits, financial and legal assistance, peer supports, and more.
• Relational permanency is fundamental to the well-being of children and youth.
• Maintaining relationships with relatives and kin can help provide a sense of belonging for young people in care.
• Exploring relational permanency can lead to legal permanence. Of all children and youth waiting for adoption, 25 percent were placed with relatives. Of those aged 14 and above, 14 percent were placed with relatives.
• Providing equitable services and supports to grandfamilies can positively impact placement stability and permanency outcomes for children and families. Grandparent caregivers are more likely to be older than age 55 (62 percent), less likely to be married (44 percent), and grandparent caregivers outside of the child welfare system are less likely than foster parents to have health insurance (28 percent).